X-Fenes: Longitudinal Vacuum Modes Confined by 2D Crystals introduces X-fenes, a unifying framework in which all two-dimensional crystals—graphene, silicene, phosphorene, h-BN, borophene and transition-metal dichalcogenides—are interpreted as confinement cavities for a longitudinal vacuum mode described by the Ψ-field. Within this picture, each monolayer defines a characteristic Ψ-resonance frequency, a BKT-like coherence scale, a screening length, and a lattice-topology factor that together determine its electrical, thermal and optical response. The study derives universal Ψ-scaling laws linking measurable quantities—joint electrical–thermal resonance frequency, resonance amplitude ratio, and strain–absorbance coefficient—to the underlying vacuum parameters of any X-fene. This allows two-dimensional materials to be treated as vacuum-wave circuit elements with well-defined Ψ-impedance and conversion channels. A complete and falsifiable experimental programme is proposed using THz spectroscopy, strain-tunable optics, and 2D heterostructure transport. If validated, X-fenes would provide the first laboratory-accessible platform for engineering longitudinal vacuum modes using existing 2D materials technology.
Date: Dec 10, 2025
Author: Carlos Omeñaca Prado
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9750-5827
Resource type: Preprint
Publisher: Zenodo
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Related links:
- https://zenodo.org/records/17882937
- https://archive.org/details/x-fenes-longitudinal-vacuum-modes-confined-by-2-d-crystals
- https://www.academia.edu/145363315/X_Fenes_Longitudinal_Vacuum_Modes_Confined_by_2D_Crystals